This book pinpoints the evolutionary connection between the global ecological crisis and transgenerational learning and education. As Julian Huxley (1887-1975) described, the cumulative passing down of knowledge, skills, and ideas by one generation to the next over eons of time, which has been afforded by the advent of complex languages in the evolutionary past, is chiefly responsible for humanity’s planetary superdominance. However, given that the drive of the human species to increase its control over the natural world has, today, run up against ecological limits, there is an evolutionary-existential choice to be made in relation to the ultimate purposes of formal education. Should humanity “double down” on the anthropocentric humanist project of superdominance, including the goals of unlimited economic growth, development, and scientific and technological progress? Alternatively, should a biocentric anti-humanist and/or postmodernist deconstruction of formal education take place? Or should a holistic organicist orientation, emphasizing biological wisdom, help to shape its future? As this book shows, the answers to these philosophical questions on the parts of educators, prospective teachers, and learners will, going forward, play a key role in deciding the evolutionary trajectories of all life-forms on the planet.